Dr Layla Diba: Kamal al Molk and the Invention of the Modern Iranian Landscape
Abstract: The recent discovery of a group of six late 19th century Iranian oil on canvas landscape paintings and a large corpus of 19th century Iranian photographs held in a private collection outside of Iran, has provided the impetus for this lecture. The corpus of landscapes was painted by the…
Abstract:
The recent discovery of a group of six late 19th century Iranian oil on canvas landscape paintings and a large corpus of 19th century Iranian photographs held in a private collection outside of Iran, has provided the impetus for this lecture.
The corpus of landscapes was painted by the leading court painter of the Naser ed-Din Shah era, Mohammad Ghaffari, Kamāl-al-Molk who was also the principal exponent of European style Academic painting (and Naturalism) in the late Qajar and early Pahlavi eras. Kamal al-Molk is perhaps best known for his portraiture and architectural views but my research has led me to conclude that he had an abiding interest in the genre of the landscape.
The works fall into two chronological groups. The first group features four views of Iranian mountain landscapes dated to the 1880s, which are among his earliest known works. The second group is comprised of two European landscapes, which may be assigned to sometime between 1898 and 1901, executed either in Florence or Paris where Kamāl-al-Molk lived during those years. As a group, these paintings are remarkably fresh and largely unrecorded. The landscapes and their lengthy inscriptions by Kamāl-al-Molk himself giving details of date and location, provide the framework for our discussion: first I will discuss Naseri court culture and Kamāl-al-Molk’s career. second I will present an analysis of the works of the 1880s Kamal al Molk landscapes and the post-1900 landscapes of Kamal al Molk and his School ;and finally consider their significance for the Iranian landscape tradition and the birth of Iranian Modernism.
Dr Layla Soudavar Diba was the founding director of the Negarestan Museum in Tehran, which specialised in 18th and 19th century painting. She now lives in New York. She has served as the associate curator and of Asian Art and as a curator of Islamic Art at the Brooklyn Museum. She has been an art adviser to various organizations such as the Metropolitan Museum of Arts. She is a member of the board of trustees of the Encyclopaedia Iranica and of the Soudavar Memorial Foundation. She has also written a number of books and articles on the arts and crafts of Iran.
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Prince Abbas Mirza, son of Fath Ali Shah, was Crown Prince and, as was the tradition, was Governor of Tabriz. He modernised the army and many institutions and was the first interface with visiting European envoys, who had to pass through Tabriz on their way to Tehran. He died young and many regretted that he never became Shah. A fertile and active man, he begat some 26 known sons.
Dr Ala is a member of our council and has led a very distinguished medical career in Iran and England. He currently lives in Washington DC. He is an amateur historian and counts Abbas Mirza as one of his ancestors. His father Hussein Ala, then Iranian Minister to London, was chairman of the Iran Society in 1935, when it was revived from the ashes of the lapsed Persia Society founded in 1911 by his predecessor Mirza Mehdi Khan Moshir ol-Molk.
To join this webinar click on this link to register. You will then be sent a link to join in.
https://zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_9SGeZhA6Svi7whd54d8G9Q
Professor Nacim Pak-Shiraz is Personal Chair of Cinema and Iran, and Head of Department of Islamic and Middle Eastern Studies at the University of Edinburgh. After a B.A. in Tehran, she completed a graduate programme in Islamic Studies and Humanities at the Institute of Ismaili Studies, London, followed by an M.A. in the Anthropology of Media, and a PhD in Film and Media at the University of London’s School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS).
Her research focuses on cinema and visual culture in the Middle East, particularly Iran. She is a National Committee member of the Aga Khan Foundation (UK), a governor at the Institute of Ismaili Studies, and board member of the Academic Council of the Iran Heritage Foundation.
Professor Pak-Shiraz has also curated a number of film festivals in Edinburgh, and has been as a jury member and speaker at several international film festivals in the Czech Republic, Turkey and Iran.
She will be showing clips of a number of films to illustrate the development of Iranian cinema over the years. The event will be held at the Army & Navy Club and a zoom link will be provided for those unable to attend in person. The event is open to members only.
This event will be co-hosted by the Gingko Library to celebrate the publication of Revealing the Unseen: New Perspectives on Qajar Art.
The articles in the first section of the book are dedicated to the arts of painting, illumination and lithography. The second section is also concerned with works on paper but looks at newly introduced techniques such as fingernail art and photography. The third section looks at different materials: tiles decorated with mounted falconers, ikat velvet textiles, carpets as diplomatic gifts and a type of armour known as chahar ‘ayna. The two final articles focus on artefacts acquired through diplomatic and commercial exchanges.
A presentation will be made by Gwenaëlle Fellinger, Senior Curator in the Department of Islamic Art in the Louvre Museum where she is in charge of Qajar Art and Melanie Gibson, Senior Editor of the Gingko Library Arts Series. Her publications focus on sculpture, ceramics and glass produced around the Islamic world.
Gingko Library will be offering copies of the book for sale at a generously discounted price.
The event will be held live at the Army & Navy Club, with Zoom for those unable to attend. There will be a reception upstairs at 6.30. The talk will start at 7pm.
Entry is free to members of the Iran Society and to guests of Gingko Library, but prior registration is essential to gain admission. Registration details from info@iransociety.org
Milan has a fabulous collection of Safavid carpets.
Robert Marin, currently in England, hails from the Università Ca' Foscari of Venice.
Roberta is well known to the Iran Society and to the Oriental Rug & Textile Society, having lectured to us before. She took an MA in Art and Archaeology with a focus on Islamic Art and Architecture at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS). Following her MA, she worked at the Asian Department of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York, collaborated with the Khalili Collection of Islamic Art, and taught at various public institutions, such as Birkbeck College, the London College of Communication, SOAS, Asia House and the University of York.
Due to the lecturer's indisposition this lecture is postponed for a future occasion.
This lecture will examine Iran’s political interactions with Sub-Saharan Africa under Mohammad Reza Pahlavi. Much of the scholarship on Pahlavi Iran’s global interactions has focused on its relations with the West. Comparatively little attention has been paid to Iran’s relations with the countries of the Global South, and the literature on its interactions with Sub-Saharan Africa is particularly sparse. This has led some to assume that the Shah had little interest in this part of the world, or that it did not play a particularly important role in late Pahlavi foreign policy. In fact, as will be discussed in this lecture, from the early 1960s and with increasing urgency in the 1970s, Imperial Iran worked to carve out a position for itself on the African continent, and developed deep political, cultural and economic ties with the countries of Sub-Saharan Africa.
Robert Steele is now a visiting fellow at the London School of Economics after a spell at the University of California, Los Angeles. He has written a book on the inside story of the Persepolis celebrations of 2500 years of Iranian monarchy and is currently researching Iran's policy towards sub-Saharan Africa.
This will be a zoom lecture, starting at 7pm. The link will be published shortly before the event.
Nader Sayadi is a post doctoral fellow at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. He is a specialist in Islamic art, architectural, and urban history with a concentration on early modern global economic history. His academic and professional background is in historic preservation and architectural design. His research interests include textile history, the built environment of manufacturing, commerce, trade, and mobility, the material culture and built environment of power and piety. His talk will cover the architectural and urban history of the city of Kashan, in the eighteenth through the nineteenth century from the viewpoint of the local economy and the craft of silk weaving.
This talk will be held on zoom.
The talk will look at the rise of Jews in the Iranian public sphere between 1900 and 1925, starting with a background of the conditions faced by Iranian Jews in the nineteenth century and their involvement and interest in the Constitutional Revolution. This would include questions about parliamentary representation, greater access to the press, and the expansion and modernisation of Jewish education. A discussion of the development of the Jewish press will follow, covering the change in tone, language, and self-confidence in the years 1915-1925 between three major Iranian-Jewish publications. This will be followed by a short discussion of Iranian-Jewish poetry from the period, showing how it parallels developments in the press. The talk will end with the story of the MP and newspaperman Shemuel Hayyim as the culmination of the expansion of the Jewish public sphere, asking how his arrest and execution set the tone for the community as it headed into the Pahlavi period.
Daniel Amir is a DPhil student of Iranian history at Oxford University. He has worked with the BBC and as a freelance journalist.
This event will be to celebrate the publication of this lavishly illustrated book by Barbara Brend, independent scholar of Persian art.
The Khamseh is a set of five poems by the 12th century poet Nizami. They recount the story of the love of the Sasanian king Khusrow for Shirin, a queen of Armenia; the ill-fated love of Leila and Majnun; the storied told by seven princesses to Bahram Gur; and the story of Alexander the Great. Both illuminated manuscripts were made in Herat in the 15th century and one of them contains paintings by the incomparable Behzad. Barbara Brend will give an account both of the poems and of the miniatures. A reception will precede her talk.
This event is open to members of the Iran Society and their guests, who need to register beforehand.